Application for the estimation of the standard citrus colour index (CCI) using image processing in mobile devices

Abstract

The collection of oranges normally begins before they have reached the typical orange colour. Moreover, citrus fruits are subjected to certain degreening treatments that depend on the standard citrus colour index (CCI) at harvest. In order to facilitate the measure of this index, a free application that uses image processing techniques has been developed for Android-based mobile devices using the built-in camera of the device. The image analysis process is performed on all the images from the live input of the camera to obtain the CCI of such fruit using the open source OpenCV library. For this purpose, the RGB (red, green and blue colour coordinates) average value of a pre-selected area of the input image is calculated and then converted to HunterLab colour space to finally calculate the CCI. Several tests were carried out in the field with the fruit on the trees and under laboratory conditions with different varieties of oranges (Navel, Bonanza, Cram and Navelina) at different stages of maturity, and using different Android devices. The results were obtained for each device and condition in relation to the colour measured by a camera and compared with the performance of a panel of workers who evaluated the colour using the traditional methods. Best R2 values obtained were 0.854 for outdoors conditions and 0.881 when measurements were done indoors.