Application and Utility of Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Benign Thyroid Nodules

Abstract

Most thyroid nodules are benign and asymptomatic; however, some will ultimately cause compressive symptoms or develop autonomous function. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has emerged as a novel treatment option in lieu of other minimally invasive ablative techniques. This article discusses the role of RFA in the management of benign thyroid nodules and reviews recent literature comparing outcomes between RFA, surgery, and medical therapy. Multiple studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of RFA in the treatment of autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN) and symptomatic, cold nodules (SCN). The “moving shot” technique has proven successful in normalizing thyroid function for ATFNs and decreasing cosmetic/symptomatic concerns for SCNs after a single treatment. Radiofrequency ablation is a viable treatment option for the treatment of AFTNs and SCNs in patients who refuse or are otherwise unable to tolerate surgery. Patient selection is critical and performance at high-volume centers is necessary for best outcomes.