Abstract
As the hydraulic fracturing technologies are not conducive to the stimulation of unconventional reservoirs and too much water was consumed by the conventional hydraulic fracturing fluid, a waterless low hydrocarbon fracturing fluid system was developed as an alternative way in the view of sustainable development and energy boom. It is noteworthy that this novel system was found to exhibit excellent heat and shear resistance, while maintaining high viscosity at high temperature (up to 150°C).In order to reduce the cost, the low carbon hydrocarbon phosphate gelling agent was prepared via the reaction of triethyl phosphate (TEP), phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) and single alcohol, which is quite different from the reported phosphates using mixed alcohols. In addition, a ferric-complex cross-linking agent was acquired which contains main agent, complexing agent, phase transfer catalyst (PTC) and crosslinking accelerator of crosslinking agent. The rheology of low-carbon hydrocarbon non-aqueous fracturing fluid system was tested. Furthermore, gel structure could be directly observed by scanning electron microscopy, which could explain its good performance.
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