Application and advantages of three-dimensional printing in treatment of masquelet membrane induction for infectious tibial bone defects

Abstract

In recent years, the treatment of infected tibial bone defects had been a challenge for orthopaedic surgeon. Ilizarov technique had demonstrated its several advantages to repair tibial bone defects, which was recommended by most studies. However, it takes too much time and makes it difficult for patient to persist. Autogenous bone grafts or bone graft substitutes had demonstrated a recognized clinical efficacy, but the existing biomaterials could not meet the clinical requirements including bone induction, structural support, and controllable biodegradability. In order to offer the possibility of individualized treatment, the application of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in the medical field has been expanding. A 1:1 3D reconstruction model can be used to control the accuracy of implantation in Masquelet’s technique for tibial bone defect patients, which could improve the quality and size of induction membrane. However, there are still many disadvantages of its application. Infectious bone defects of the tibia are often frequently accompanied with defect or deficiency of skin, muscle, blood vessels, or some other soft tissues. Moreover, it is difficult to be applied in some hospitals because it requires requirement cooperation of orthopedic surgeons, imaging physicians, and device engineers. This paper reviews the research and application of 3D printing technology in Masquelet membrane induction in patients with infectious tibial bone defect, as well as its clinical advantages and challenges.