Abstract
BackgroundIn forensic proficiency, the distinct model applied for age estimation includes physical examination, i.e., evaluation of somatic maturity and post pubescence peculiarities, dental development, and radiological assessment of skeletal maturity usually of the hand and wrist. The Greulich and Pyle (GP) method of skeletal age (SA) determination is considered quicker and easier with a lower error percentage of prediction. The specificity and applicability of the GP atlas have been recapitulated in many studies. This study aims to assess the applicability and reproducibility of the GP atlas on a sample of the eastern Utter Pradesh (UP) population.ResultsConsidering the whole study population, the SA of the male subjects was retarded by 0.89 years or 9.03 months, whereas the SA of females were retarded by 0.36 years or 4.33 months than the chronological age, respectively.ConclusionAccording to this study, it is concluded that the GP atlas may not be applicable for both males and females in the eastern Uttar Pradesh region. The factors responsible for delayed skeletal growth and maturation may vary depending on demographics, ethnicity, and genetics. Further, a detailed study will be conclusive on a greater population size assessing more accurate and precise insights on the applicability and reproducibility of GP atlas.
Highlights
IntroductionEstimation of skeletal maturity in a living population plays an important role in establishing diagnosis and treatment protocols for many clinical abnormalities, such as metabolic and endocrine disorders.In forensic proficiency, the distinct modus applied for age estimation includes a physical examination, i.e., evaluation of somatic maturity and post pubescence peculiarities, dental development, and radiological assessment of skeletal maturity usually of the hand and wrist.Principally, the two standard methods for skeletal age estimation are: Bone-by-bone method which incorporates score method by Tanner and Whitehouse, i.e., TW1, TW2, and TW3 and FELS method by Roche et al [1, 2].Atlas method comprises the radiological atlas of Greulich and Pyle (GP) [3].The GP method of skeletal age determination is considered quicker and easier and has a small error of prediction
Considering the whole study population, the skeletal age (SA) of the male subjects was retarded by 0.89 years or 9.03 months, whereas the SA of females were retarded by 0.36 years or 4.33 months than the chronological age, respectively
A detailed study will be conclusive on a greater population size assessing more accurate and precise insights on the applicability and reproducibility of Greulich and Pyle (GP) atlas
Summary
Estimation of skeletal maturity in a living population plays an important role in establishing diagnosis and treatment protocols for many clinical abnormalities, such as metabolic and endocrine disorders.In forensic proficiency, the distinct modus applied for age estimation includes a physical examination, i.e., evaluation of somatic maturity and post pubescence peculiarities, dental development, and radiological assessment of skeletal maturity usually of the hand and wrist.Principally, the two standard methods for skeletal age estimation are: Bone-by-bone method which incorporates score method by Tanner and Whitehouse, i.e., TW1, TW2, and TW3 and FELS method by Roche et al [1, 2].Atlas method comprises the radiological atlas of Greulich and Pyle (GP) [3].The GP method of skeletal age determination is considered quicker and easier and has a small error of prediction. In forensic proficiency, the distinct modus applied for age estimation includes a physical examination, i.e., evaluation of somatic maturity and post pubescence peculiarities, dental development, and radiological assessment of skeletal maturity usually of the hand and wrist. The atlas is based on a standard hand radiograph directed by the Brush foundation study of human growth and development. In forensic proficiency, the distinct model applied for age estimation includes physical examination, i.e., evaluation of somatic maturity and post pubescence peculiarities, dental development, and radiological assessment of skeletal maturity usually of the hand and wrist. The Greulich and Pyle (GP) method of skeletal age (SA) determination is considered quicker and easier with a lower error percentage of prediction. This study aims to assess the applicability and reproducibility of the GP atlas on a sample of the eastern Utter Pradesh (UP) population
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