Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective:To compare the enzyme activity of different presentations of papain solution to validate in-house preparations.Methods:Two papain solutions were prepared, and the third presentation was a commercial solution. Tests were carried out with samples of red cells typed as weak RhD.Results:In-house prepared papain solutions showed similar enzyme reactivity, and statistically no differences compared to the enzyme activity of the commercial solution.Conclusion:Evaluating the cost-benefit ratio, the in-house prepared papain solutions present more economic advantages, and can be incorporated into immunohematological routines as a way to cope with periods of financial crisis and cost-containment policies.
Highlights
The red blood cell membrane is composed of a variety of proteins that anchor themselves or transverse the lipid bilayer
As a consequence of the phenotypic diversity of human red blood cells, of laboratory challenges to identify erythrocyte antigens and antibodies from blood donors and patients, and of the constant need for use of laboratory supplies with more accessible values, and with an equivalent performance, this study proposed the validation of inhouse preparations of papain solutions for application in the immunohematology laboratory routine
In the reactions observed in incubation time standardization, the intensity of agglutination of weak RhD red blood cells that did not undergo enzyme treatment was smaller than that of red blood cells previously treated with an enzyme (Table 2)
Summary
The red blood cell membrane is composed of a variety of proteins that anchor themselves or transverse the lipid bilayer. Considering the significant genetic polymorphism of the blood groups, the heterogeneity of presentations of antigens on membranes of red blood cells, and the complexity of each case to identify irregular antibodies of blood donor and recipients, immunohematology draws on laboratory supplies that recognize specific membrane structures, or techniques that increase agglutination of red blood cells, or modify/eliminate the expression of antigens or protein structures of the red blood cells.[9] The combination of these techniques helps in the correct identification of antibodies in routine immunohematology tests, or in the identification of antigens – be them rare or not - on the membrane of donor and recipient red blood cells Among these techniques, one can list the use of monoclonal antibodies, reagents such as dithiothreitol (DTT), chloroquine diphosphate, low ionic strength solutions (LISS), and proteolytic enzymes.[9]. Taking into account the expression of a blood group antigen is determined by its biochemical structure and by the position relative to the lipid bilayer, in spite of a previous enzyme treatment of red blood cells, e.g., some sensitive antigens may be destroyed or become weakly reactive, or, yet, begin having a more intense interaction with specific antibodies.[10]
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