Applicability of Large-Area Single-Photon Counting Detectors Timepix for High-Resolution and High-Contrast X-Ray Imaging of Biological Samples

Abstract

High-resolution X-ray imaging techniques, usually known as microradiography and micro-computed tomography (CT), have become highly required and frequently used tools for biology, biomedical and preclinical research. State-of-the-art micro-CT scanners are capable of achieving a spatial resolution of few micrometers or even less, thanks to the constant development of compact microfocus X-ray sources together with simultaneous progress in detector technologies. The current standard in X-ray detection is a digital imaging device containing read-out circuitry coupled with a scintillation sensor. Such detectors are available in a variety of different sizes, and are easy to use and relatively affordable. Nevertheless, the mentioned technology suffers from inherent limitations like, for example, undesirable generation of dark current, that compromise the quality of the provided data. This work demonstrates the applicability of Timepix large-area hybrid-pixel photon-counting detectors (PCDs) for high-resolution X-ray imaging in biology research. Photon-counting detection technology provides dark-current-free quantum-counting operation. Therefore, an enhanced contrast-to-noise ratio of the acquired data is achieved. Furthermore, the biased semiconductor sensor achieves almost ideal point-spread function (PSF) resulting in images with high spatial-resolution. Both above-mentioned features make PCDs to be excellent tools for high-resolution X-ray imaging especially for samples with low intrinsic absorption contrast. We evaluated the imaging performance of large-area Timepix detectors compared to a state-of-the-art flat-panel detector dedicated for high-resolution X-ray imaging. The presented data demonstrate the versatility of the used detectors as it covers a wide range of samples from laboratory animals to single-cell marine organisms.