Abstract
The earthquake early warning (EEW) system is capable of mitigating seismic hazards and reducing deaths, injuries, and economic losses. Although EEW approaches have already been developed worldwide, improving the accuracy and applicability is still controversial. Aiming at the ground motion estimation using the initial P wave, we investigated eight representative characteristic parameters, i.e., the peak measurements and integral quantities, using the database of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, where the aftershocks with the criteria that 4.0 ≤ Ms ≤ 6.5 and epicentral distance less than 150 km are analyzed. We established the relationships between the eight characteristic parameters and four ground motion parameters, respectively, based on which the estimation accuracy and reliability and the extent to which the increasingly expanding time windows could affect the estimates are analyzed accordingly. We found that the integral quantities could also be a robust estimator for peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and spectral intensity (SI), while the peak measurement is more useful in estimating peak ground displacement (PGD). In addition, for estimating the ground motion of events with magnitudes less than 6.5, a 2-s window could effectively improve the estimation accuracy by approximately 11.5–18.5% compared with using a 1-s window, as the window increases to 3 s, the accuracy would further improve while the growth rate will be reduced to around 3.0–8.0%.
Highlights
The earthquake early warning (EEW) system is capable of mitigating seismic hazards and reducing deaths, injuries, and economic losses (Allen and Melgar, 2019; Zollo et al, 2016; Hoshiba, 2014)
We found that the integral quantities could be a robust estimator for peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and spectral intensity (SI), while the peak measurement is more useful in estimating peak ground displacement (PGD)
On the basis of the initial P wave arrival time ti, the early-measurable parameters were investigated and a linear regression model between the ground motion and the characteristic parameters is assumed as follows: log(PGM) A × log(PEEW) + B ± stv where the PGM stands for the ground motion parameters, i.e., PGA, PGV, PGD, and SI, PEEW stands for the EEW characteristic parameters, i.e., peak acceleration (Pa), peak velocity (Pv), peak displacement (Pd), IA2, IV2, ID2, cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), and si, A and B are constants that are to be determined from the regression analysis, and stv is the standard deviation
Summary
The earthquake early warning (EEW) system is capable of mitigating seismic hazards and reducing deaths, injuries, and economic losses (Allen and Melgar, 2019; Zollo et al, 2016; Hoshiba, 2014).
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