Abstract
The ability to orient fruit is needed to fully utilize the capabilities of many commercial sorters for defect and shape detection and general quality sensing. Five apple cultivars, representing a range of shape and size, were observed for their ability to orient (stem-calyx axis horizontal and perpendicular to the direction of travel) or remain oriented, depending on their starting position, as they were rolled by a mechanically driven flat paddle up a flat, padded incline between two fixed parallel rails. Apples did not orient particularly well on the apparatus, on average rolled 66.0 cm before orienting and rolled only 70.5 cm before becoming unoriented. Various size and shape parameters were measured and correlated with the distance apples rolled to orient and the distance that the apples remained oriented. Generally, elongation parameters were better than taper or symmetry parameters as predictors of an apple's ability to orient or remain oriented. Elongated cultivars of apples, Red Delicious and Fuji (Washington), Braeburn (New Zealand), and Granny Smith (South Africa), oriented or remained oriented better than Rome and Red Delicious (West Virginia).
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