Abstract
Growth and fruiting of apple trees in twin-row tree-belts were studied during 5 years after planting the orchard. Distance between belts was 4 m, between rows in a belt was 1 m, between trees in row 3 or 1.5 m, giving tree densities of 1335 or 2670 trees/ha, respectively. Control was a single-row planting 4 × 3 or 4 × 1.5 m, producing densities of 833 or 1665 trees/ha. Trees were trained as hedgerow in treatments with a density of 1335 or 833 trees/ha. Each tree in a twin-row belt had a separate crown with narrow passage between trees. This passage was cut through every year. Fruiting of `Tellisaare' began at 2nd leaf, `Antey' at 3rd, and `Spartan' at 4th leaf after planting. Total yield for 3 years in the highest density treatment of single-row planting of `Antey' and `Tellisaare' was >50 t·ha–1 and in twin-row orchard construction from 36 to 57 t·ha–1, depending on orchard density. The two-fold increase in orchard density from 1335 to 2700 trees/ha raised yield of `Antey' by 58% and `Tellisaare' by 33%. Single-row treatment with a tree density of 1665/ha averaged 17.1–17.5 t·ha–1 without great expenditure on pruning of trees. The fruit quality was very high in all treatments.
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