Abstract
Viroid-like symptoms were observed in 2016 on apple fruits of the cultivar “Ilzer Rose” in southern Burgenland, Austria. Preliminary molecular biological investigations indicated that the symptoms were caused by a new unknown viroid. Therefore, new primers were designed, and the whole genome sequence of the viroid (354 nt) was determined by next-generation amplicon sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq® platform (San Diego, California, USA). The viroid secondary structure has a rod-like conformation and contains conserved regions (the TCR, CCR upper strand, and CCR lower strand) that are characteristic of members of the genus Apscaviroid. Based on our results and the demarcation criteria for viroids, the tentatively named “apple chlorotic fruit spot viroid” should be considered a putative new member of the genus Apscaviroid.
Highlights
Apple is an important fruit with a high economic impact and is the most important fruit crop in Austria [1]
Three plantpathogenic viroids, all belonging to the genus Apscaviroid, have been described: apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd), apple dimple fruit viroid (ADFVd), and the unassigned apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd) [3]
The operational taxonomic unit (OTU) with the largest number of identical sequences was used to assemble the genome sequence of ACFSVd using Geneious® software (Version 10.1.3)
Summary
Apple is an important fruit with a high economic impact and is the most important fruit crop in Austria [1]. Viroids can cause evident fruit symptoms on pome fruits and can cause economic losses by reducing fruit yield and quality, resulting in unmarketable fruits [2]. More than 30 plantpathogenic viroids are known far. Three plantpathogenic viroids, all belonging to the genus Apscaviroid, have been described: apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd), apple dimple fruit viroid (ADFVd), and the unassigned apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd) [3]. A new technique, nextgeneration sequencing (NGS), was developed, and this can be used as an important tool for the discovery [4,5,6,7], detection, identification, and characterization [8] of new plant.
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