Abstract
It has been accepted that satiety‐ and appetite‐stimulating hormones play a role in the regulation of food intake and body composition during and after the lactation stage. Therefore, the purpose was to demonstrate that serum appetite‐regulating hormones in infants differ according to anthropometric indicators and type of feeding. In a nonrandom cohort study, 169 mother–newborn dyads whose pregnancy and birth were attended at the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara were enrolled. According to the type of feeding, infants were classified as full breastfeeding (FBF), partial breastfeeding (PBF), and infants receiving human milk substitutes (HMS). Serum concentrations of ghrelin (pg/ml), leptin (ng/ml), peptide YY (pg/ml), and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) (pM) were measured. Anthropometric measurements including weight, length, cephalic, arm circumference, tricipital, and subscapular skinfolds were obtained. Weight/age, weight/height, height/age, and BMI Z‐score indexes were estimated. We performed one‐way ANOVA, unpaired Student's t test, post hoc Tukey test, and Pearson correlation tests. The ANOVA comparison of the three feeding types showed significant differences in most anthropometric indicators (z‐scores), especially between infants receiving FBF versus HMS and particularly on indicators of adiposity; no differences were observed in length and cephalic circumference z‐scores at 8th and 16th weeks. Further, significant correlations were found between most of the adiposity indicators with ghrelin, leptin, and GLP‐1, especially in infants who received FBF. There were differences in anthropometric and body composition parameters among infants receiving FBF, PBF, and HMS. There were significant correlations between body composition indicators with ghrelin, leptin, and GLP‐1 mainly in infants receiving FBF.
Highlights
Giannì et al (2014) found that formula-fed infants showed a different body composition through the first 4 months of life compared to breastfed infants, with higher fat-free mass content
Gale et al (2012) showed in a systematic review that in formula-fed infants fat-free mass was higher and fat mass was lower at 3–4 months than in breastfed infants
Our data show that for infants at 8 and 16 weeks of life, most of the anthropometric indicators showed significant differences between the three types of feeding: full breastfeeding (FBF), partial breastfeeding (PBF), and human milk substitutes (HMS). At these ages, the weight/age, weight/length, BMI indexes, Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and skinfold indicators were significantly higher in infants receiving FBF than in those receiving HMS
Summary
The purpose of the study was to demonstrate that the serum concentration of leptin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY in infants differs according to the type of feeding and their body composition
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