Abstract
An alternative approach in determining cause, treatment, and prevention of obesity is to study those who appear resistant to the obesogenic environment. We examined appetite responses in 33 obesity resistant individuals (ORI) versus 28 obesity susceptible individuals (OSI). Fingerprick blood samples to measure ghrelin, total peptide YY (PYY), leptin, glucose, and insulin along with appetite ratings were collected at baseline and 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min following consumption of a standardized meal. Fasting, area under the curve (AUC), peak/nadir, and time to peak/nadir were compared. Participants completed the three factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ). No significant differences were observed for ghrelin or PYY. Higher leptin concentrations in the OSI disappeared after controlling for percent body fat (%BF). Significant differences in appetite ratings included a lower hunger nadir among OSI compared with ORI (P = 0.017). Dietary restraint (P < 0.001) and disinhibition (P < 0.001) were lower in ORI compared with OSI, with and without adjustment for %BF. Given the differential body weight of the study groups, similar observed ghrelin concentrations were unexpected, perhaps indicating OSI and ORI respond differently to the same ghrelin concentration. Also ORI response to hunger appears different as they exhibit lower levels of dietary restraint and disinhibition compared with OSI.
Highlights
Obesity is well-recognised as a disease process leading to multiple pathological consequences
The results show the differences for sex adjusted for obesity resistance/susceptibility category (ORS) and differences for ORS adjusted for sex from regression analysis
The majority of research in the obesity field has focused on the characteristics of obese individuals, an alternative approach is to compare the characteristics of those who are seemingly resistant to obesity (ORI) with those who appear highly susceptible (OSI)
Summary
Obesity is well-recognised as a disease process leading to multiple pathological consequences. Information from cross-sectional and prospective studies on temporal changes in body mass index (BMI) indicate that the population distribution of BMI is positively skewed and that over time the degree of skew has increased [8,9,10,11,12,13] This means that there is proportionally more shifting at the upper end of the distribution curve with the lower end of the distribution remaining relatively static. An alternative approach is to study those who have remained lean despite living in an obesogenic environment Information from this group may allow us to develop novel strategies to benefit those who continually struggle to maintain a healthy body weight. We investigated hormone concentrations and appetite indices in response to a standard meal among those who remain lean with ease and those who constantly struggle with their weight
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