Appetite, Energy Expenditure, and the Regulation of Energy Balance.

Abstract

At usual weight, energy intake and expenditure are coupled and covary to maintain body weight (energy stores). A change in energy balance, especially weight loss, invokes discoordinated effects on energy intake and output that favor return to previous weight. These regulatory systems reflect physiological changes in systems regulating energy intake and expenditure rather than a lack of resolve. The biological and behavioral physiology of dynamic weight change are distinct from those of attempts at static weight maintenance of an altered body weight. This suggests that optimal therapeutic approaches to losing or gaining vs. sustaining weight changes are different for most individuals.