Abstract
ABSTRACT This study explores the differences of appearance and the digestive systems of two birds (Lonchura striata and Copsychus saularis), which have the same eating pattern in staple ingredients. Each bird was caught naturally and euthanized in appropriate manner, followed by morphology survey on bill, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and appearance of the body parts such as Culmen, Claw, Wing, Tarsus, Toe and Tail. The results showed that the appearance feature between them presented significant differences in the beak length, wing length and tail length, which were correlated to their staple feeding habits. In addition, in the digestive system, the length of duodenum and duodenal indexes showed significant differences (p<0.05 or p<0.01), which was considered to be correlated to their predation rate. However, there were no significant differences in jejunum length, ileum length, and the whole digestive tract length and weight, the evidence showed that feeding habits still play a great role in the whole intestine. It is concluded that different staple feeding habits allow the birds to evolve different traits both in appearance and intestine, which aim to improve their predation rate and adapt to different environments. Among all features, duodenum and duodenal were the major objects to get stressed in digestive system, while beak length, wing length and tail length differed most in appearance. And it was speculated that different food compositions lead to different changes in certain positions of the body, thus might shape an explorable trail, which needs to be investigated thoroughly.
Highlights
Lonchura striata and Copsychus saularis, who are common resident birds, belong to Passeriformes
In order to figure out the effects of staple ingredients on the digestive tracts of two kinds of birds, we explored the morphology of their digestive tracts
The upper body of the Lonchura striata is dark sandy brown with white feathers, and its waist is covered with white feathers, which is the unique characteristic of this kind of species
Summary
Lonchura striata and Copsychus saularis, who are common resident birds, belong to Passeriformes. Lonchura striata and Copsychus saularis are adaptable birds whose feathers are very bright, so they get high ornamental value. Both species are currently listed in the Red List of Endangered Species ver 3.1-Low Risk (LC) of the World Conservation Union (IUCN) in 2013. They are omnivorous bird, there are great differences in their staple ingredients (Honda et al, 1999; Lim et al, 2015; Siddique, 2018). For Copsychus saularis, the function of song, including courtship, protest and playfulness are researched (Jiang, 2003) These researches showed us that the changes of behavior of birds are due to the difference of environment and habitats. In order to figure out the effects of staple ingredients on the digestive tracts of two kinds of birds, we explored the morphology of their digestive tracts
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