Abstract
Most European countries have optical radiation safety regulations based on the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard 60825-1, Safety of laser (& LED) products. Having started as a laser safety standard, the standard included light emitting diodes (LEDs) in 1993. Unfortunately, the manner of inclusion greatly overstated the potential hazard of most LEDs. While efforts are underway to continue the work to correct this problem, there are some aspects of LEDs that make them quite unlike lasers.Apparent source size is a critical parameter for determining Accessible Emission Level (AEL) limits according to the IEC standard. For some range of this parameter, doubling it would allow a fourfold increase in emitted power or energy. The apparent source is defined as the real or virtual object that produces the smallest possible retinal image. While, for many sources, this is well defined and well behaved, for some light emitting diode (LED) structures it is not. For some of these structures, the a...
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