Abstract
The marine species of snapper, Lutjanus analis, has carnivorous eating habits and with potential for cultivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficient (CDA) of mutton snapper, and to evaluate its enzymatic profile after feeding with vegetable and animal protein sources. CDA was the indirect method of fecal collection, using chromic oxide as a biological marker. Eight hundred fish, with an average weight of 28.0 ± 2.58 g, were acclimated for 15 days in a net tank (2 m³), and installed in the same collection environment. The acclimatization of 54 fish was carried out in digestibility aquariums (200 L), and the collection of feces started. For mutton snapper, the supply of octopus flour improves (P <0.05) the digestibility of dry matter (CDAMS, 67.17%), crude protein (CDAPB, 90.9%) and crude energy (CDAGE, 78, 8%). Regarding the digestibility of lipids (CDAL), anchovy flour has more (P <0.05) digestible lipids (78.1%), followed by the tested ingredients, fish meal (72.4%) and flour octopus (69.7%). Apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude energy were low (P <0.05) for shrimp meal and soybean meal. Mutton snapper fed with octopus flour has higher digestibility coefficients, suggesting this ingredient for species. All diets caused low amylase activity in juveniles, and lipase and alkaline protease activities were higher with the inclusion of broadband anchovy flour and octopus flour, respectively.
Highlights
The Lutjanus sp. genus is a marine species of snapper native to the Atlantic coastal waters of the Americas from Massachusetts to southern Brazil with potential for captive culture, with great productive performance, demand for the consumer market and high market value (Freitas, et al, 2011; Aguilar-Betancourt, et al, 2017)
There is no information of the digestibility of ingredients for the mutton snapper, and the measurement of the digestibility of different protein sources occurs through the indirect method, with the partial collection of feces, and the addition of an inert marker in the diet (Kitajima & Fracalossi, 2010)
The carnivorous marine fish Silver mojarra (Diapterus Rhombeus) show greater ADCCP (92.97%) of the fish meal included in the diet, as Red drum (Sciaenopolis ocellatus) (95.87%), Black salmon (Rachycentrun cabadum) (96.27%), European seabass (Dicentrachus L.) (93.50%), Golden fish (Sparus aurata) (87.50%), and Halibut (Scophthalmus maximus) (82.80%) (McCoogun & Reigh, 1996; Zhou, et al, 2004; Davies, et al, 2009)
Summary
The Lutjanus sp. genus is a marine species of snapper native to the Atlantic coastal waters of the Americas from Massachusetts to southern Brazil with potential for captive culture, with great productive performance, demand for the consumer market and high market value (Freitas, et al, 2011; Aguilar-Betancourt, et al, 2017). The development of the marine aquaculture productive chain, highlighting the mutton snapper Lutjanus analis culture, reduces extractive fishing and preserves the natural stocks, and provides a tool for protecting this significant group of reef fish (Sanches, et al, 2007). In literature several studies with the digestibility of original sources of feeds for freshwater fish, as the soybean meal, fish meal or shrimp residue meal (Gonçalves & Carneiro, 2003; Portz & Cyrino, 2004; Oliveira & Fracalossi 2006; Braga, et al, 2008; Ribeiro, et al, 2011; Montoya-Mejía, et al, 2017), but for marine species few works (Gaylord & Gatlin, 1996; Zhou, et al, 2004; Oujifard, et al, 2012) represents this area of carnivorous fish nutrition. Using vegetable sources influence marine carnivorous species feeding, such as mutton snapper, and may influence on performance and enzymatic activity during digestion. The profile of digestive enzyme activities (proteases, carbohydrases, and lipases), already studied for carnivorous marine fish (Lamarre, et al, 2007; Candiotto, et al, 2018; Egerton, et al, 2018; Hani, et al, 2018), except for mutton snapper
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