Apparatus for commercial applications versus scientific applications—an example from protein crystallization

Abstract

In the development of hardware for the crystallization of proteins in space, different design philosophies have been followed, depending on the responsible sponsor (agency or private funded), the envisaged mission opportunity (Shuttle, Space Station, platform, capsule) and on the user interest (university or industrial scientists). But, in principle, two major approaches can be identified: a science oriented one and a commercial oriented one. This paper discusses why a particular mix of both types seems to be the best compromise to fulfill the expectations of commercial users. Among others, the following considerations are important and strongly drive the requirements: development and recurrent cost for apparatus, crystallization chambers and operation/refurbishment; proprietary rights; high‐end performance of hardware (an absolute prerequisite for success in space); the need for a high numbers of samples which are the primary goal of industrial researchers; and the necessity for low sample volumes and appropriate crystallization chambers. The secret of successful hardware is the combination of special know‐how, workmanship and the perfection of operational steps.