Abstract
Purpose: To produce an anti-cancer agent from Physalis minima ethanol extract as well as prevent the growth of NMU-induced breast cancer and MCF-7 cell line.Methods: This research used an animal model (Wistar-Furth rats), and cell line used in this study was normal breast-cell line MCF-7. The rats were administered with the ethanol extract of Physalis minima Linn (100, 250 and 400 mg/kg/day) by gavage, once a day for 4 weeks. Meanwhile, MCF-7 cell lines were cultured in medium and incubated in 100 μg/mL of ethanol extract of Physalis minima for 48 h. The samples were analyzed using histology and immunohistochemistry techniques for expression of p53 antibody DO-1 and APAF-1.Results: The results of immunohistological analysis in the breast organ showed that Physalis minima Linn extract significantly (p < 0.05) increased the tumor suppressor protein p53 at doses of 100, 250 and 400 mg/kg/day. In addition, the extract also significantly (p < 0.05) increased APAF-1, which is a gene determining cell death, at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/day.Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Physalis minima Linn inhibits the cytotoxic activity of NMU-induced breast cancer by increasing the tumor suppressor protein p53 and APAF-1. Thus, Physalis minima Linn extract can potentially be used as a complementary treatment for inhibiting the growth of breast cancer cells in patients.
 Keywords: Apoptosis protease-activating factor-1, Breast cancer, MCF-7 cell line, Physalis minima, p53
Highlights
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world
The MCF-7 cell lines were cultured in medium, and incubated in 100 μg/mL of ethanol extract of Physalis minima Linn for 48 h and collected for further analysis
After 5 weeks of maintenance, ethanol extract of Physalis minima Linn of 100, 250 and 400 mg/kg/day were administrated to the rats by gavage once a day for 4 weeks
Summary
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. It accounts for over 10.9% of all cancers, with reported incidence of about 1.38 million cases in 2008 [1]. Cancers are characterized by rapid and uncontrolled cellular growth, local tissue invasion and distant metastases [1]. Cancers happen due to the presence of carcinogens, including free radicals [2]. Scientists have studied the biological properties of several promising plants and herbs. Medicinal plants and herbs played important roles in the last half-century in treating cancer. Secondary metabolites and the derivatives have been applied towards cancer
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