Abstract
Genetic variants of apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) have been recognized as a risk factor for kidney disease in people of African ancestry. APOL1 mediate renal damage in podocytes through necrosis, apoptosis and pyroptosis processes. APOL1 gene contains G1 and G2 alleles that mediate in increasing risk of renal disorders in African Americans. People who carry APOL1 risk alleles have a three to four-fold increase risk for non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD), Idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Therefore, identifying genetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of renal disorders, including APOL1 risk variants, may help to improve our understanding of kidney problems.
Highlights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major public health problems, including renal replacement therapy
Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) protein that encoded by the human APOL1 gene is one of the risk factors for non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) in the African ancestors’ population [5]
Genetic studies show that the two G1 and G2 alleles of the APOL1 gene are significantly associated with the risk of various types kidney diseases including NDRD, Idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) in African Americans [7]
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major public health problems, including renal replacement therapy. Several studies identified some genetic factors that contribute to the progression of CKD in non-diabetic African-American race [4]. The prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is five times greater in people with African ancestors than the Caucasians. This led to the identification of some genetic factors that are contributing to renal disease in these populations. Genetic studies show that the two G1 and G2 alleles of the APOL1 gene are significantly associated with the risk of various types kidney diseases including NDRD, Idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) in African Americans [7]. This review discusses the current knowledge regarding pathophysiological and clinical aspects of APOL1, including its role in renal disease
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