Abstract
The apoE4 isoform is associated with increased cholesterol, cardiovascular risk, and Alzheimer’s Disease risk, however, its distribution is not well-understood among US Latinos. Latinos living in the US are highly Amerindian, European and African admixed, which varies by region and country of origin. However, Latino genetic diversity is understudied and consequently poorly understood, which has significant implications for understanding disease risk in nearly one-fifth of the US population. In this report we describe apoE distributions in a large and representative sample of diverse, genetically determined US Latinos.
Highlights
The apolipoprotein E gene encodes three common isoforms known as ε2, ε3, and ε4
Dominicans had the highest proportion of females (61.1%), followed by South Americans (52.2%), Mexicans (48.3%), Puerto Ricans (47.0%), Central Americans (46.9%) and Cubans (46.4%)
The same conclusions were reached when using age groups younger than 60 years and 60 years and older (P = 0.87; Supplemental Table 2). In this large sample of diverse Latinos living in four targeted US metropolitan areas, we found heterogeneous apolipoprotein E (apoE) allele frequency distributions by ancestry background
Summary
The apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene encodes three common isoforms known as ε2, ε3, and ε4. These are determined by two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that result in amino acid substitutions and associated functional changes in the protein. More recent studies of apoE and ADRD are limited to samples of older Latino adults of Mexican, Puerto Rican, or Dominican-origin. These are generally small and relatively homogenous samples that may be affected by selection and survival biases[1,10,11,12]. It is difficult if not impossible to cogently describe the distribution of apoE alleles among Latinos without examining the diversity of Latinos. Central American Cuban Dominican Mexican Puerto Rican South American Education, % Less than high school High school or equivalent Greater than high school
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