Abstract
Background: Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) has been proved to play a critical role in gastric, breast, lung, and pancreatic cancer. However, the relationship between APOC1 and urinary tumors remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of APOC1 in urinary tumors.Methods: We performed a pan analysis of APOC1 mRNA expression in urinary cancer using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database. To further investigate the prognostic value of APOC1 expression in urinary cancers, the Kaplan-Meier plotter database was used. Furthermore, we collected the tumor and adjacent normal samples of 32 ccRCC patients to perform qRT-PCR and western blotting assays. A total of 72 cases with ccRCC were analyzed using tissue microarrays (TMAs).Results: Our results based on Kaplan-Meier plotter database indicated that a high expression of APOC1 may lead to poor overall survival (OS, p = 0.0019) in patients with ccRCC. Furthermore, the cancer stages and tumor grade of ccRCC appeared to be strongly linked with APOC1 expression according to UALCAN database. Hence, we reached a preliminary conclusion that APOC1 may play a key role in the tumorigenesis and progression of ccRCC. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyses of 72 clinical patients indicated that high expression of APOC1 was associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS, p = 0.007) and OS (p = 0.022). In addition, univariate Cox regression analysis confirmed the significant relationship between APOC1 expression and survival (p = 0.038). The TMAs analysis in combination with the patients' clinicopathological features was also performed. The expression of APOC1 was found to be significantly correlated with the tumor size (p = 0.018) and histological grade (p = 0.016).Conclusions: In conclusion, the findings of our study suggest that APOC1 may serve as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for ccRCC. Further evidence on the mechanism of APOC1 promoting tumor progression may transform it to a new therapeutic target for the treatment of ccRCC.
Highlights
Kidney cancers account for ∼2.2% of the global burden of all cancers, with more than 400,000 new diagnoses and 175,098 deaths worldwide in 2018 [1]
High Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) had no statistical difference on the overall survival of other urinary tumors, including bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) (p = 0.22), testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) (p = 0.17), kidney chromophobe (KICH) (p = 0.61), and prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) (p = 0.52)
Given that APOC1 was upregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues and its high expression led to shorter overall survival (OS), we further investigated the role of APOC1 in the tumor progression of ccRCC based on the cancer stage and tumor grade
Summary
Kidney cancers account for ∼2.2% of the global burden of all cancers, with more than 400,000 new diagnoses and 175,098 deaths worldwide in 2018 [1]. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type, representing 85% of all kidney cancers [2]. RCC consists of a family of carcinomas derived from the epithelium of renal tubules. The most frequent forms are clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), papillary renal cell carcinoma, and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. 80–90% of all RCCs are ccRCC, which is signified by the appearance of tumor cells with abundant clear cytoplasm [3]. It’s of great urgency to improve our understanding of this disease and identify novel therapeutic targets with a better diagnostic and prognostic value. The relationship between APOC1 and urinary tumors remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of APOC1 in urinary tumors
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