Abstract
Background: There is a lack of evidence regarding the link between apolipoproteins and cancer mortality. By using two nationally representative samples of US adults, we prospectively evaluated the associations between apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels and apoB/apoA-I ratio with cancer mortality. We also examined the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in these associations. Materials and Methods: Adults aged ≥20 years, enrolled in the 3rd National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994) and continuous NHANES (2005–2010), and followed up to 31 December 2011, were included in the analysis. Multiple Cox regressions were applied to evaluate the associations between the variables of interest and cancer mortality. Results: Overall, 7695 participants were included (mean age: 49.2 years; 50.4% men, median follow-up: 19.1 years). In the fully adjusted model, participants in the highest quartile (Q4) of apoB/apoA-I had a significantly greater risk for cancer mortality (hazard ratio (HR): 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25–1.93) compared with those in the first quartile (Q1). In the same model, a positive and significant association between apoB levels and cancer mortality was observed for individuals in Q3 (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.09–1.16) and Q4 (HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.09–1.25) compared with those in Q1. When CRP levels were added in the analysis, the apoB/apoA-I ratio, but not apoB levels, remained significantly related to cancer mortality (Q4 = HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.09–1.25). In contrast, CRP levels were not able to predict cancer death after correction for apoB/apoA-I ratio. Conclusions: In a large representative sample of the US adult population, the apoB/apoA-I ratio and apoB levels significantly predicted cancer mortality, independently of several cardiometabolic risk factors. The predictive value of apoB/apoA-I, but not apoB levels, remained significant after taking into account CRP, whereas CRP was not associated with cancer mortality after adjustment for apoB/apoA-I ratio. If further evidence supports our findings, apoA-I and apoB measurements could be considered in general healthcare policies.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 7.6 million people worldwide died from malignant neoplasms (13% of all deaths) in 2008, and this number is predicted to rise to 12 million by 2030 [1]
Kaplan–Meier survival plots demonstrate that subjects in the lowest quartiles of apolipoprotein B (apoB) had significantly decreased cumulative cancer mortality than those in the highest quartiles, and similar patterns were observed for apoB/Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) ratio
Based on the obtained results, we showed that apoB/apoA-I ratio was significantly associated with cancer mortality, independently of other cardiometabolic risk factors
Summary
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 7.6 million people worldwide died from malignant neoplasms (13% of all deaths) in 2008, and this number is predicted to rise to 12 million by 2030 [1] Given this burden of morbidity and mortality, reducing the risk for developing cancer could be considerably beneficial. By using two nationally representative samples of US adults, we prospectively evaluated the associations between apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels and apoB/apoA-I ratio with cancer mortality. CRP levels were not able to predict cancer death after correction for apoB/apoA-I ratio. Conclusions: In a large representative sample of the US adult population, the apoB/apoA-I ratio and apoB levels significantly predicted cancer mortality, independently of several cardiometabolic risk factors. If further evidence supports our findings, apoA-I and apoB measurements could be considered in general healthcare policies
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