Abstract
Dyslipidaemia is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is the leading cause of death in the world. Even though several lipid parameters are used, currently apolipoprotein B (apoB) is considered as the best predictor of CVD. Thus this study was carried out to find out the association between conventional lipid parameters and apoB in apparently healthy subjects. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 170 apparently healthy volunteers who were not diagnosed with dyslipidaemia. After 12 hours overnight fast venous blood was obtained and Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured by enzymatic kit method. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated by Friedewald formula and apoB was analyzed by immune turbid metry using a Konelab® auto analyzer. Among the participants, majority (63.5%) were females. The mean value of apoB concentration of the population was 103 ± 42 mg/dL which was similar and not significantly different between the genders (Males, 102 ± 37 mg/dL and Females, 104 ± 45 mg/dL). All lipid parameters showed a positive correlation with apoB concentration whereas HDL-C had a negative correlation (r = -0.165). HDL-C significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with increase in apoB concentration while LDL-C, TC/HDL-C and non-HDL-C significantly (p < 0.05) increased with an increase in apoB concentration. Present study suggests that serum apoB has better correlations and associations with the parameters that are used in conventional lipid profile and with markers recommended for diagnosing dyslipidaemia. Hence apoB could be used as a single marker for screening dyslipidaemia in apparently healthy people.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality in the world [1]
Dyslipidaemia is defined as elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and/or triglycerides (TG) with low level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared with the recommended cut-off values, which is collectively known as atherogenic dyslipidaemia [4]
Even though mean values of most of the lipid parameters, TC, HDL-C, TG, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C were within the optimal cut off values recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP) ATPIII guidelines (Table 2) mean value of LDL-C was higher and apolipoprotein B (apoB) was slightly higher than the recommended cut off values
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality in the world [1]. Major risk factors associated with CVD are dyslipidaemia, hypertension, dysglycaemia and obesity where dyslipidaemia is found to be the most common risk factor [3]. CVD could be controlled by addressing these risk factors and taking proper preventive methods. It is found that South Asians who live round the world have higher incidence of CVD which is associated with a higher prevalence of dyslipidaemia [5]. It has been reported that the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in Sri Lanka was very high where hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, high LDL-C and low HDL-C were 53.6%, 22.7%, 24.7% and 53.1% respectively [6] indicating the need for proper screening, diagnosis, preventive and control methods
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