Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the predominant protein in plasma HDL, have long been the focus of intense studies in the field of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. ApoA-I, in large part, is responsible for HDL assembly and its main atheroprotective function, that of shuttling excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for excretion (reverse cholesterol transport). Recently, a protective role for HDL in cancer was suggested from several large clinical studies where an inverse relationship between plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and risk of developing cancer was noted. This notion has now been tested and found to be supported in mouse tumor studies, where increasing levels of apoA-I/HDL were discovered to protect against tumor development and provision of human apoA-I was therapeutic against established tumors. This mini-review discusses the emerging role of apoA-I in tumor biology and its potential as cancer therapeutic.
Highlights
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is synthesized predominantly in the liver and the small intestine, and exists transiently in lipid-poor form
ApoA-I, TT, transferrin, and hemoglobin identified as biomarkers for ovarian cancer (OC) ApoA-I and TT were confirmed as biomarkers for OC with their expression reduced in disease
ApoA-I as well as TT, and connective tissue activating protein III (CTAPIII), were confirmed as a panel of biomarker together with CA125 with increased sensitivity for detection of early stage OC Combination of transthyretin, and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) with CA125 improved sensitivity and specificity of OC diagnosis ApoA-I transcript in all anatomic sites was higher in OC compared with breast cancer (BC)
Summary
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is synthesized predominantly in the liver and the small intestine, and exists transiently in lipid-poor form. Consistent with this finding, apoA-I has been identified as a biomarker with reduced plasma levels in patients with early stage ovarian cancer (OC) compared with normal individuals (Kozak et al, 2003, 2005; Zhang et al, 2004; Moore et al, 2006; Clarke et al, 2011; Kim et al, 2012).
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