Abstract

The incidence of kidney failure in African Americans is 2-3 times higher than that in White Americans. A portion of the increased kidney risk appears to be because of polymorphisms in the gene encoding apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1). The precise mechanism of how APOL1 renal-risk variants accelerate kidney disease progression is a matter of intense research, and currently there are no proven treatments for APOL1-related kidney disease. Currently, there are large National Institutes of Health-funded national studies (APOL1 Long-term Kidney Transplantation Outcomes Network [“APOLLO”] and Living Donor Extended Time Study [“LETO”]) underway to help define the role of APOL1 genotyping in the context of kidney donation and transplantation.

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