Aplicação de confiabilidade na calibração de coeficientes parciais de segurança de normas brasileiras de projeto estrutural

Abstract

This study addresses the partial safety factors used in structural design codes. The study is based on the theory of structural reliability, which allows an explicit consideration of the uncertainties in material strengths and load actions, and results in a quantitative measure of structural safety: the reliability index. A calibration methodology is considered, which allows one to find a set of partial safety factors that minimizes the variations on reliability indexes, for all structures designed within a code, with respect to a pre-selected target reliability. An initial calibration is performed for a target reliability index 3,0, but other target reliabilities are also considered. The analysis is limited to steel structural members. The calibration is made for two distinct code formats. In the ANSI/AISC code format, a set of partial factors is obtained for each load combination expression. In the Brazilian and European code formats, one single set of partial (and load combination) factors is obtained, for a single load combination expression. Partial safety factors obtained for both code formats are compared with partial factors used in National Brazilian code ABNT NBR8800:2008. The resulting reliability indexes are also compared, for the distinct load combination expressions, in terms of the proportionality ratios between the distinct actions. Results obtained in the study show that the partial safety factors used in ABNT NBR8800:2008 lead to significant variation on reliability indexes. Another set of partial safety factors is obtained in the study, which provides greater uniformity of reliability indexes. These results suggest that a revision of partial safety factors adopted in ABNT NBR8800:2008 might be recommended. This recommendation, however, is dependent on a deepening of the investigation started in this study, which does not reflect all design situations covered by the design code.