Abstract
Apium plants belong to the Apiaceae family and are included among plants that have been in use in traditional medicine for thousands of years worldwide, including in the Mediterranean, as well as the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa. Some highlighted medical benefits include prevention of coronary and vascular diseases. Their phytochemical constituents consist of bergapten, flavonoids, glycosides, furanocoumarins, furocoumarin, limonene, psoralen, xanthotoxin, and selinene. Some of their pharmacological properties include anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, nematocidal, anti-rheumatism, antiasthma, anti-bronchitis, hepatoprotective, appetizer, anticonvulsant, antispasmodic, breast milk inducer, anti-jaundice, antihypertensive, anti-dysmenorrhea, prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and spermatogenesis induction. The present review summarizes data on ecology, botany, cultivation, habitat, medicinal use, phytochemical composition, preclinical and clinical pharmacological efficacy of Apium plants and provides future direction on how to take full advantage of Apium plants for the optimal benefit to mankind.
Highlights
Apium plants belong to the family Apiaceae which are mostly aromatic plants
A. graveolens or celery is the most popular species of Apium genus and it includes three distinct varieties or morphotypes, namely, A. graveolens var. dulce, which is cultivated for its edible stalks, leaves, dried fruits, and seeds; A. graveolens var. rapaceum, which is commonly used for it edible fleshy tap roots; and A. graveolens var. secalinum which is common mostly in Asian countries and is used for its aromatic leaves [35]
In many studies investigating the antimicrobial effect of essential oil or extracts of Apium plants, authors generally reported the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tested samples by using different methods
Summary
Apium plants belong to the family Apiaceae which are mostly aromatic plants. This genus consists of about 20 species of flowering plants that are distributed worldwide [1]. The leaves of Apium plants have been employed as food and medicine and are rich in bioactive compounds, such as tocopherol and flavonoids [11,12], which underline their therapeutic properties. Various plant parts such as seeds, leaves, stem, roots, and essential oils are widely applied in traditional medicine to treat several ailments [13] such as hypertension, diabetes [14,15], asthma, gastrointestinal infections, bronchitis, and hepatitis [16]. Essential oils are common constituents of plant foods and spices, with usage spanning several centuries due to their therapeutic effect. Celery methanol extract has shown antibacterial activity against E. aerogenes, E. cloacae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. stuartii [23,24] This antimicrobial activity of its essential oil was linked to the presence of some phytochemicals such as limonene, β-selinene, and sedanolide. Since the medicinal importance of Apium plants is widely documented and validated, efforts should be geared towards increased adoption and commercialization of Apium plants materials as functional foods and nutraceutical ingredients
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