Abstract

Octopamine (OA) underlies reinforcement during appetitive conditioning in the honey bee and fruit fly, acting via different subtypes of receptors. Recently, antibodies raised against a peptide sequence of one honey bee OA receptor, AmOA1, were used to study the distribution of these receptors in the honey bee brain (Sinakevitch et al., 2011). These antibodies also recognize an isoform of the AmOA1 ortholog in the fruit fly (OAMB, mushroom body OA receptor). Here we describe in detail the distribution of AmOA1 receptors in different types of neurons in the honey bee and fruit fly antennal lobes. We integrate this information into a detailed anatomical analysis of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), uni- and multi-glomerular projection neurons (uPNs, and mPNs) and local interneurons (LNs) in glomeruli of the antennal lobe. These neurons were revealed by dye injection into the antennal nerve, antennal lobe, medial and lateral antenno-protocerbral tracts (m-APT and l-APT), and lateral protocerebral lobe (LPL) by use of labeled cell lines in the fruit fly or by staining with anti-GABA. We found that ORN receptor terminals and uPNs largely do not show immunostaining for AmOA1. About seventeen GABAergic mPNs leave the antennal lobe through the ml-APT and branch into the LPL. Many, but not all, mPNs show staining for AmOA1. AmOA1 receptors are also in glomeruli on GABAergic processes associated with LNs. The data suggest that in both species one important action of OA in the antennal lobe involves modulation of different types of inhibitory neurons via AmOA1 receptors. We integrated this new information into a model of circuitry within glomeruli of the antennal lobes of these species.

Highlights

  • Many studies have demonstrated that honey bees (Apis mellifera) and fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) can associate odors with food reinforcement (Menzel and Muller, 1996; Page et al, 1998; Scheiner et al, 2001; Keene and Waddell, 2007)

  • ANATOMY OF GLOMERULI IN THE HONEY BEE ANTENNAL LOBE Olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) terminals define the structure of the glomerular cortex Antibodies against synapsin label all presynaptic sites (Klagges et al, 1996), and here they revealed synaptic connectivity in all glomeruli of the antennal lobe (Figures 2A1,A3)

  • The tracts that carry the uniglomerular PNs are lateral antenno-protocerbral tracts (l-antennoprotocerebral tracts (APTs)) and medial antenno-protocerbral tracts (m-APT), while the two tracts for multiglomerular multiglomerular projection neurons (mPNs) are medio-lateral APT (ml-APT) 1,2. (C) Double stainings of uniglomerular projection neurons (uPNs) and anti-GABA in the antennal lobe demonstrate that uniglomerular PNs are not GABAergic. (C1) Injection into the l-APT and m-APT as indicated in (B) revealed uPNs with dendrites in (Continued) www.frontiersin.org tract (E2) Anti-GABA staining manifests only in the section that we identify as the beginning of the ml-APT (E3) The m-APT is not stained with GABA, a few GABAergic fibers are in the m-APT

Read more

Summary

Introduction

Many studies have demonstrated that honey bees (Apis mellifera) and fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) can associate odors with food reinforcement (Menzel and Muller, 1996; Page et al, 1998; Scheiner et al, 2001; Keene and Waddell, 2007). These studies used sucrose reinforcement as a means of conditioning animals to respond to and discriminate among odors (Duerr and Quinn, 1982; Menzel and Muller, 1996; Menzel et al, 1999; Scheiner, 2004; Scheiner et al, 2004). OAVUMa2 sends secondary neurites to the posterior margins of Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience www.frontiersin.org

Methods
Results
Conclusion
Full Text
Paper version not known

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call

Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.