Abstract
Many RNA viruses have genetically diverse populations in a single host. Important biological characteristics may be related to the levels of diversity, including adaptability, host specificity, and host range. Shifting the virus between hosts might result in a change in the levels of diversity associated with the new host. The level of genetic diversity for these viruses is related to host, vector and virus interactions, and understanding these interactions may facilitate the prediction and prevention of emerging viral diseases. It is known that luteoviruses have a very specific interaction with aphid vectors. Previous studies suggested that there may be a tradeoff effect between the viral adaptation and aphid transmission when Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) was transmitted into new plant hosts by aphid vectors. In this study, virus titers in different aphid vectors and the levels of population diversity of SbDV in different plant hosts were examined during multiple sequential aphid transmission assays. The diversity of SbDV populations revealed biases for particular types of substitutions and for regions of the genome that may incur mutations among different hosts. Our results suggest that the selection on SbDV in soybean was probably leading to reduced efficiency of virus recognition in the aphid which would inhibit movement of SbDV through vector tissues known to regulate the specificity relationship between aphid and virus in many systems.
Highlights
Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) is a member of the Luteoviridae family, found in multiple locations around the world, including Japan (Tamada 1973) and the United States (Damsteegt et al 1990)
Results indicated that ability of A. pisum to transmit SbDV to peas increased in efficiency in passages following the first adaptive transmission from clover to peas
SbDV presents in aphid during the serial transmission To examine the ability of A. pisum and N. bakeri to acquire and retain SbDV through sequentially serial passages, virus titers in aphids acquisition fed on plants from each of four virus passages were analyzed by Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)
Summary
Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) is a member of the Luteoviridae family, found in multiple locations around the world, including Japan (Tamada 1973) and the United States (Damsteegt et al 1990). SbDV is restricted to vascular phloem tissues in plant, and is transmitted by aphid vectors in a persistent, nonpropagative manner (Gray and Gildow 2003), which appear to have played a key role in the evolution and diversification of the virus (Terauchi et al 2003). SbDV is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus organized into five open reading frames (ORFs). Soybean aphids and SbDV isolates transmitted by soybean aphids were discovered in the eastern US (Schneider et al 2011). SbDV infections in fields were limited, and only occurred on the very edges of the fields
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