Abstract
Background: Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) induces bone regeneration; however, there is low evidence supporting its efficacy in bone healing. The lack of a standardized protocol of administration represents the main obstacle to its use in the clinical routine for bone defects’ treatment. The purpose of this study was to characterize PRP and elucidate its osteogenic potential. Methods: Platelet count, fibrinogen levels, and growth factors concentration were measured in PRP obtained by four apheresis procedures. HOB-01-C1, a pre-osteocytic cell line, was used to examine the effects of different PRP dilutions (from 1% to 50%) on cell viability, growth, and differentiation. Gene expression of RUNX2, PHEX, COL1A1, and OCN was also assayed. Results: PRP showed a mean 4.6-fold increase of platelets amount compared to whole blood. Among the 36 proteins evaluated, we found the highest concentrations for PDGF isoforms, EGF, TGF-β and VEGF-D. PDGF-AA positively correlated with platelet counts. In three of the four tested units, 25% PRP induced a growth rate comparable to the positive control (10% FBS); whereas, for all the tested units, 10% PRP treatment sustained differentiation. Conclusions: This study showed that PRP from apheresis stimulates proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteocyte cells through the release of growth factors from platelets.
Highlights
Bone healing and remodeling are regulated by a variety of hormones and local growth factors that act on osteoblasts to promote bone tissue regeneration [1,2]
Osteoblasts are specialized, terminally differentiated cells arising from mesenchymal precursors [5] that respond to a variety of growth factors (GFs) and signalling molecules
Four donors were recruited for the apheresis procedure: their characteristics are reported in the Table A1
Summary
Osteoblasts are specialized, terminally differentiated cells arising from mesenchymal precursors [5] that respond to a variety of growth factors (GFs) and signalling molecules. These mediators act by binding to cell surface receptors and activate cellular responses, such as proliferation or differentiation, playing an important role in bone formation [6,7,8]. Methods: Platelet count, fibrinogen levels, and growth factors concentration were measured in PRP obtained by four apheresis procedures. Conclusions: This study showed that PRP from apheresis stimulates proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteocyte cells through the release of growth factors from platelets
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