Apgar score comprehension in clinical practice: A cross-sectional study of healthcare professionals in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract

Introduction: The Apgar score is a critical tool for assessing the health of newborns immediately after birth, with implications for immediate clinical care decisions. Despite its established importance, variations in the comprehension and application of the Apgar score among healthcare professionals can significantly affect neonatal outcomes. Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the comprehension and application of the Apgar score among healthcare professionals in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to identify gaps in knowledge and practice that could impact neonatal care outcomes. Methods: Conducted between September and December 2022 at a tertiary medical college and hospital in Dhaka, this study involved 80 nurses from the labor room, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire, with knowledge assessed on a 24-point scale and categorized as good (>15) or poor (<15). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Results: Most respondents (31.78% aged 27-33 years and 32.63% aged 34-39 years) were nursing college graduates (40.69%). A significant knowledge gap was identified, with only 25.33% demonstrating a good level of understanding of the APGAR score. Notable discrepancies were found in the recognition of the Apgar score's components, criteria, and clinical implications. Educational level significantly influenced Apgar score knowledge (p=0.046), with nursing college graduates showing greater understanding. Recent training appeared to impact knowledge positively, suggesting the need for continuous professional development. Conclusion: The study highlights a concerning gap in the understanding and application of the Apgar score among healthcare professionals in Dhaka, emphasizing the need for enhanced neonatal care education and training. Addressing these gaps through comprehensive educational programs and continuous professional development is crucial for improving neonatal assessment practices and outcomes in Bangladesh.