APFIM investigation of clustering in neutron-irradiated Fe [sbnd]Cu alloys and pressure vessel steels

Abstract

Pressure vessel steels used in PWRs are known to be prone to hardening and embrittlement under neutron irradiation. The changes in mechanical properties are commonly supposed to result from the formation of point defects, dislocation loops, voids and copper-rich precipitates. However, the real nature of the irradiation induced damage, in these particularly low copper steels (< 0.1 wt%), has not been clearly identified yet. A new experimental work has been carried out thanks to atom probe and field ion microscopy (APFIM) facilities and, more particularly with a new generation of atom probe recently developed, namely the tomographic atom probe (TAP), in order to improve: - the understanding of the complex behavior of copper precipitation which occurs when low-alloyed Fe Cu model alloys are irradiated with neutrons; - the microstructural characterization of the pressure vessel steel of the CHOOZ A reactor under various fluences (French Surveillance Programme). The investigations clearly reveal the precipitation of copper-rich clusters in irradiated Fe Cu alloys while more complicated Si, Ni, Mn and Cu-solute ‘clouds’ were observed to develop in the low-copper ferritic solid solution of the pressure vessel steel.