APC0576, a novel inhibitor of NF-κB-dependent gene activation, prevents pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced chemokine production in human endothelial cells

Abstract

Endothelial cells participate in the inflammatory and immune reactions. Endothelial cell activation is a recurrent phenomenon linked to the pathogenesis of diverse human diseases, such as acute and chronic inflammation and cardiovascular disorders. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1, TNF) are well-known activators of endothelial cells, since they strongly induce production of chemokines (e.g., IL-8, MCP-1) and cell adhesion molecules, resulting in an activation of inflammatory transcription factors such as NF-κB. We have established a cell-based reporter assay for the NF-κB-dependent gene activation in HUVEC. Using this assay system, we have identified a novel synthetic small molecule, APC0576, 5-((( S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarbonyl)amino)-2-(4-((( S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarbonyl)amino)phenoxy)pyridine, as an inhibitor of IL-1-induced NF-κB-dependent gene activation without any adverse effects on the cell viability. APC0576 represses the IL-1-induced release of chemokines (e.g., IL-8, MCP-1) in HUVEC. This inhibitory effect occurred at the level of mRNA expression. Despite having a strong inhibitory effect on the NF-κB-dependent transcriptional activation, APC0576 does not inhibit the IL-1-induced DNA binding of NF-κB, degradation of I-κB-α, or phosphorylation of RelA (p65). Although its molecular mechanism of action is not yet clear, APC0576 is a promising therapeutic candidate for diverse diseases involved in the pathogenic endothelial activation.