Abstract
Silkworm pupae oil derived from reeling waste is a rich source of α-linolenic acid (ALA), which has multipal applications. ALAs were added in sn-1, 3 positions in a triacylglycerol (TAG) to produce an APA-human milk fat analogues (APA-HMFAs, A: α-linolenic acid, P: palmitic acid). The optimum condition is that tripalmitin to free fatty acids of 1:12 (mole ratio) at 65 °C for 48 h using lipase Lipozyme RM IM. Results show that, the major TAG species that comprised APA-HMFAs were rich in ALA and palmitic acid, which contained 64.52% total unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and 97.05% PA at the sn-2 position. The melting point of APA was −27.5 °C which is much lower than tripalmitin (40.5 °C) indicating more plastic character. In addition, the practical application of alkyl caffeates as liposoluble antioxidants in APA was developed. Alkyl caffeate showed a superior IC50 (1.25–1.66 μg/mL) compared to butyl hydroxy anisd (1.67 μg/mL) and L-ascorbic acid-6-palmitate (L-AP) (1.87 μg/mL) in DPPH analysis. The addition of ethyl caffeate to oil achieved a higher UFAs content (73.58%) at high temperatures. Overall, APA was obtained from silkworm pupae oil successfully, and the addition of caffeates extended storage ranges for APA-HMFAs.
Highlights
Silkworm pupae oil derived from reeling waste is a rich source of α-linolenic acid (ALA), which has multipal applications
TAGs and human milk fat substitutes have been synthesized by enzymatic catalysis in many studies[2,3]
Qin et al investigated the incorporation of different fatty acids (C8:0-C18:2) into PPP-enriched TAGs to produce human milk fat analogues (HMFAs) through lipase-catalyzed reactions[2], and they reported the degree of incorporation of different FAs into PPP-enriched TAGs through acidolysis catalyzed by lipase
Summary
Silkworm pupae oil derived from reeling waste is a rich source of α-linolenic acid (ALA), which has multipal applications. ALAs were added in sn-1, 3 positions in a triacylglycerol (TAG) to produce an APAhuman milk fat analogues (APA-HMFAs, A: α-linolenic acid, P: palmitic acid). The major TAG species that comprised APA-HMFAs were rich in ALA and palmitic acid, which contained 64.52% total unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and 97.05% PA at the sn-2 position. Qin et al investigated the incorporation of different fatty acids (C8:0-C18:2) into PPP-enriched TAGs to produce HMFA through lipase-catalyzed reactions[2], and they reported the degree of incorporation of different FAs into PPP-enriched TAGs through acidolysis catalyzed by lipase Essential fatty acids, such as α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3, ω-3), from agricultural www.nature.com/scientificreports/. ALA was derived mainly from terrestrial plant sources such as flaxseed and perilla seed oils
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