Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate aortic pulse wave velocities obtained by real-time phase-contrast (PC) MRI in comparison to cine PC MRI. Methods: Real-time PC MRI of eight healthy volunteers employed highly undersampled radial FLASH sequences and phase-sensitive image reconstructions by regularized nonlinear inversion (NLINV) at 40 ms temporal resolution and 1.3 mm in-plane resolution. Pulse wave velocities were analyzed for combinations of 2, 3 and 4 locations of aortic flow using time-to-upslope and cross-correlation methods. Results: For the time-to-upslope analysis mean pulse wave velocities ranged from 3.5 to 3.9 m s-1 for real-time PC MRI and from 3.5 to 3.8 m s-1 for cine PC MRI. A cross-correlation analysis of the same data resulted in 2.9 to 3.3 m s-1 and 3.3 to 3.7 m s-1, respectively. Conclusion: Real-time PC MRI determined aortic pulse wave velocities from single cardiac cycles in close correspondence to values obtained by cine PC MRI.
Highlights
The pulse wave velocity (PWV) describes the pulse wave of blood flow through the aorta and reflects its elastic properties [1, 2]
PWV is usually calculated from the distance travelled by the pulse wave between at least two locations along the aorta divided by the time needed
The aortic PWV values obtained for real-time PC MRI in a single section (2 positions) are summarized in Table 1 for three consecutive measurements per subject and both TTU and XCor analysis
Summary
The pulse wave velocity (PWV) describes the pulse wave of blood flow through the aorta and reflects its elastic properties [1, 2]. PWV is usually calculated from the distance travelled by the pulse wave between at least two locations along the aorta divided by the time needed This transit time may be obtained from respective flow curves using different proposed analysis methods (see below). Alternative methods determine peripheral PWV by a variety of tools such as, for example, sphygmomanometers in order to derive aortic PWV with the use of invasively validated algorithms [8,9,10] Instead of these approaches, the focus has shifted to the use of cine phase-contrast (PC) MRI where the acquisition extends over multiple heartbeats with synchronization to the electrocardiogram (ECG), but allows for noninvasive flow velocity measurements from arbitrary positions along the aorta [11,12,13]. The method determines the velocity of through-plane flow in a single averaged cardiac cycle
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