Abstract
Background: There are scarce and controversial data on whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with changes in aortic pressure (aoBP) and waveform-derived indexes. Moreover, it remains unknown whether potential differences in aoBP and waveform indexes between people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and subjects without HIV (HIV-) would be affected by the calibration method of the pressure waveform.Aims: To determine: (i) whether PLWHIV present differences in aoBP and waveform-derived indexes compared to HIV- subjects; (ii) the relative impact of both HIV infection and cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) on aoBP and waveform-derived indexes; (iii) whether the results of the first and second aims are affected by the calibration method.Methods: Three groups were included: (i) PLWHIV (n = 86), (ii) HIV- subjects (general population; n = 1,000) and (iii) a Reference Group (healthy, non-exposed to CRFs; n = 398). Haemodynamic parameters, brachial pressure (baBP; systolic: baSBP; diastolic: baDBP; mean oscillometric: baMBPosc) and aoBP and waveform-derived indexes were obtained. Brachial mean calculated (baMBPcalc=baDBP+[baSBP-baDBP]/3) pressure was quantified. Three waveform calibration schemes were used: systolic-diastolic, calculated (baMBPcalc/baDBP) and oscillometric mean (baMBPosc/baDBP).Results: Regardless of CRFs and baBP, PLWHIV presented a tendency of having lower aoBP and waveform-derived indexes which clearly reached statistical significance when using the baMBPosc/baDBP or baMBPcalc/baDBP calibration. HIV status exceeded the relative weight of other CRFs as explanatory variables, being the main explanatory variable for variations in central hemodynamics when using the baMBPosc/baDBP, followed by the baMBPcalc/baDBP calibration.Conclusions: The peripheral waveform calibration approach is an important determinant to reveal differences in central hemodynamics in PLWHIV.
Highlights
Global mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV or HIV+) has dramatically decreased over the last years due to significant improvements in both the access to highly active antiretroviral therapy and clinical care [1]
Regardless of the exposure to cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs), people living with HIV (PLWHIV) presented, compared to non-HIV subjects: (i) similar levels of cardiac output, (ii) similar baBP levels, (iii) a tendency to lower augmentation index (AIx) levels, which dissipated after adjusting for heart rate (AIxHR75), and (iv) similar pressure inflection time (Table 2, Supplementary Tables 2–4)
Results were highly influenced by the calibration method and dictated whether PLWHIV is associated with lower aortic blood pressure (aoBP) levels and differences in wave-derived indexes with respect to HIV- subjects (Table 2, Supplementary Tables 2–4)
Summary
Global mortality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV or HIV+) has dramatically decreased over the last years due to significant improvements in both the access to highly active antiretroviral therapy and clinical care [1]. These achievements were challenged by the higher risk of cardiovascular disease that experience these patients compared to non-HIV subjects (HIV-) [2, 3]. There are scarce and controversial data on whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with changes in aortic pressure (aoBP) and waveform-derived indexes. It remains unknown whether potential differences in aoBP and waveform indexes between people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and subjects without HIV (HIV-) would be affected by the calibration method of the pressure waveform
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
