Aortic Dissection Presenting as Pericarditis

Abstract

In five patients with aortic dissection, signs and/or symptoms of pericarditis were part of the early manifestations of the aortic disease. Signs of inflammatory pericarditis were noted clinically in four patients and were found at autopsy in one. In the three nonoperated patients who died of aortic rupture leading to fatal hemopericardium, symptoms of pericarditis preceded fatal rupture of the aorta by four to five days. A fourth patient died after surgical repair of aortic dissection 35 days after the onset of pericarditis. In the fifth patient, manifestations of chronic constrictive pericardial disease occurred over a period of seven months after which old aortic dissection was first identified. In each case, the internal tear of classic aortic dissection was located in the ascending aorta. Microscopic evidence of cystic medial necrosis of the aorta was present in each case. In each of two cases, there was a congenital bicuspid aortic valve. The phenomenon observed represents acute aortic dissection in which slow penetration of blood into the pericardial space caused inflammatory pericarditis. The interval between the onset of pericarditis and rupture of the aorta may allow sufficient time for appropriate diagnosis and potentially lifesaving treatment of the aortic disease.