Abstract
During the last decade, the concept of smart cities is gaining popularity, and many cities all around the globe are adopting it. Lately, the Smart Pedestrian Crossing (SPC) idea has become an important part of the smart city concept. The main objective of the SPC is to achieve a safe and smooth traffic flow of pedestrians and vehicles in the smart city. In this paper, we present a simple yet efficient localization system which is suitable for locating people over a pedestrian crossing. By adopting the proposed localization system, the people flow over the pedestrian crossing can be observed. Consequently, a safe and efficient traffic flow in the smart city can be achieved. The proposed system utilizes Internet of Things (IoT) transceivers that are carried by the pedestrians or embedded in the pedestrians’ smart devices. These transceivers can be activated to transmit a signal every few seconds when the pedestrian passes over a pedestrian crossing. These periodic signals will be received by a single Angle of Arrival (AoA) estimation system to estimate the direction of the pedestrian. Furthermore, the pedestrian direction and the environmental features of the pedestrian crossings are utilized in a 1D particle filter to estimate accurately the pedestrian’s location. The proposed system has been validated experimentally in the smart zone of Antwerp city. The experimental results reveal that the proposed localization system can provide an accurate, cost effective and reliable localization solution to this specific problem without violating the pedestrian privacy.
Highlights
The 1990s, digital communication systems have been under enormous developments
By adopting the proposed localization system, the people flow over the pedestrian crossing can be observed
These periodic signals will be received by a single Angle of Arrival (AoA) estimation system to estimate the direction of the pedestrian
Summary
The 1990s, digital communication systems have been under enormous developments. The deployment of the SPC should provide a safe passage to people over the pedestrian crossing, and a smooth traffic flow to vehicles in the smart city. We proposed a new low cost and efficient localization solution that can estimate the pedestrian location on the pedestrian crossing. The proposed system utilizes IoT transceivers carried by the pedestrians or embedded in the pedestrians’ smart devices1 These transceivers can be activated to transmit every few seconds when the user passes over a pedestrian crossing. Due to the deployment of the particle filter, the proposed localization solution is less influenced by the presence of instantaneous obstacles (e.g. the big bus between crossing 3 and the AoA estimation system) compared with camera-based solutions. The contribution of this paper can be summarized as follows: 1) We introduce an unprecedented localization solution based on IoT technology to tackle the SPC challenges.
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