Anxiety State and ITS Psychosocial Consequences among Acne Vulgaris and Chronic Urticaria Patients in Abuja

Ukonu A B,Ezechukwu A,Ibekwe P E

doi:10.5539/ijps.v8n1p1

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: the skin defines the essence of beauty and overall perceived attention within a social context. As such, there is a relationship between skin diseases and the extent of provoked emotional psychological disturbances and social concern that the sufferers do have. This study therefore seeks to ascertain levels of anxiety and their psychosocial consequences among sufferers of acne vulgaris and chronic urticaria in dermatological outpatient in Abuja-Nigeria.MATERIALS/METHODS: this study was a prospective, cross sectional study carried out on consecutive consented dermatological outpatients who had acne vulgaris (N = 62) and chronic urticaria (N = 31) over a period of nine months (June 2013-February 2014) and 50 apparently healthy control matched for age and sex were recruited into the study. Diagnosis of acne vulgaris and chronic urticaria were clinically made. Questions on State Trait Anxiety Index STAI (Y-1) form were used to determine their present feelings and level of perceived anxiety within the society as a result of acne vulgaris and chronic urticaria. Total STAI score greater than 54 suggests severe level of anxiety and univariate analysis of variance was used to determine relationship between anxiety and its social consequences. Data was keyed into and analysed with SPSS 20.RESULTS: ratio of male: female for subjects is 1:1.9 and 1:1.3 for controls while mean age in years ± Standard Deviation (SD) for subjects and controls were 29.02 ± (9.2) and 28.42 ± (8.3) respectively. There was sex and age match between subjects and controls. Also, there was observable moderate to severe anxiety among those that had acne vulgaris and chronic urticaria as compared to apparently healthy controls. Low self-esteem, inferiority complex, lack of self-confidence, and social withdrawal, were among the common social reactions noticeable among the subject group. Mean STAI score ± s.e (standard error) of subjects was significantly higher than that of the controls 49.7 ± 0.788 and 33.9 ± 1.255 respectively at t-test = 11.2 and p = 0.0001.CONCLUSION: acne vulgaris and chronic urticaria was highly associated with moderate to severe anxiety with attending social reactions when compared to apparently healthy controls.

Highlights

There is a growing awareness and understanding that skin diseases provoke a lot of emotional psychological and social concerns in the sufferers
Our study revealed a higher significant level of anxiety state with its accompanying social reactions like lack of self-confidence (19.4%), inferiority complex (9.7%), and social withdrawal (16.1%) when compared with the healthy population
The level of anxiety state of sufferers of acne vulgaris is often heighten when the site of occurrence is the face, chest and it is complicated by nodulocystic changes and scars (Van der Meeren, Van der Schaar, & Van der Hurk, 1985; Shuster et al, 1978)

Summary

Introduction

There is a growing awareness and understanding that skin diseases provoke a lot of emotional psychological and social concerns in the sufferers. This is because the skin compliments human characters and conduct to defining personality of the individual and perceived threats or irritation which opens them up to worries, anxiety, depression or suicidal ideation (Koo, 1995; Mallon, et al, 1999; Ukonu & Ezechukwu, 2012). Acne vulgaris has a demonstrable association with depression and anxiety It affects personality, emotions, self-image and esteem, feeling of social isolation and ability to form relationships (Lasek & Chren, 1998; Mallon et al, 1999). Acne typically affects the areas of skin with dense populations of www.ccsenet.org/ijps

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