Abstract
The emergence of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected health-care workers’ psychological and mental health. Few studies have been conducted examining the psychological effect of COVID-19 on health-care worker psychological health in Jordan. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the respective levels of fear, anxiety, depression, stress, social support, and the associated factors, experienced by Jordanian health-care workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. This study adopted a cross-sectional, correlational design to collect data from 365 health-care workers in Amman, Jordan, from August 16th to 23rd, 2020. Along with collecting sociodemographic characteristics, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support electronically administered to participants. The majority of the participants (69.3%) were registered nurses. The mean overall score for the Fear of COVID-19 scale was 23.64 (SD + 6.85) which again exceeded the mid-point for the total score range (21), indicating elevated level fear of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants had displayed extremely severe depression 40%, extremely severe anxiety 60%, and 35% severely distressed. Scores for depression (21.30 ± 10.86), anxiety (20.37 ± 10.80), stress (23.33 ± 10.87) were also high. Factors determined to be associated with psychological distress were being male, married, aged 40 years and older, and having more clinical experience. Assessment of social support indicated moderate-to-high levels of perceived support for all dimensions (significant other: 5.17 ± 1.28, family: 5.03 ± 1.30, friends: 5.05 ± 1.30). Weak significant correlations were found between social support and the other study variables (r < 0.22), indicating a weak association with fear, depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Overall, Jordanian health-care workers sample reported fear, depression, anxiety, and stress. The associated factors were being male, married, aged 40 years and older, and having more clinical experience. Regarding social support, participants primarily relied on support from their families, followed by support from friends.
Highlights
On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak had become a pandemic [1]
The results of this study showed that the COVID-19 Pandemic has fostered psychological distress among health-care workers in Jordan, and health-care workers have become acutely conscious of the threat of the virus’ spread
Our study demonstrated the presence of fear, depression, anxiety, and stress among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Summary
On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak had become a pandemic [1]. The recommendations had included the designation of several hospitals as treatment centers for prospective patients with COVID-19 and established protocols to prevent the spread of the country’s infectious disease even before the first case of COVID-19 was reported [3]. The Jordanian Ministry of Health had followed the Epidemic committee’s recommendations and opened five hospitals located in different areas around the country designated for treating patients with COVID-19. The first case of COVID-19 in Jordan was reported on March 2nd [3], and on March 15th, the government closed the country’s borders, suspended schools, banned public gatherings, and issued a stay-at-home order [3]. On March 17th, after a case of COVID19 was traced to a wedding in north Jordan, the government implemented a curfew [4]. By the end of April, there were 451 registered cases and 8 deaths [4]
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