Anxiety, depression, and Type D personality in ischaemic heart disease patients receiving treatment from outpatient clinics in a government hospital in Sri Lanka

Abstract

BackgroundAnxiety, depression, and Type D personality are strongly correlated with the prognosis of IHD and the effectiveness of therapy. The main purpose of this study was to assess the proportions and associations of anxiety, depression, and Type D personality among clinically stable IHD patients (aged 18–60) treated at an outpatient clinic operated by a government hospital in Sri Lanka, who were diagnosed with IHD within the preceding three months.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was analysed using SPSS® version 23.0. The validated Sinhalese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure anxiety and depression, while the DS-14 was used to determine Type D personality traits.ResultsAmong the 399 patients, 29.8% (n = 119) had anxiety, 24.8% (n = 99) had depression, and 24.6% (n = 24.6) had Type D personality. The level of anxiety had a significant association with depression (p = 0.002) and Type D personality (p = 0.003). Furthermore, depression was significantly associated with ethnicity (p = 0.014), occupation (p = 0.010), and type D personality (p = 0.009). Type D personality was the strongest predictor of anxiety, with patients being 1.902 times more likely to experience anxiety (95% CI 1.149–3.148; p = 0.012). Anxiety was a significant predictor of depression, with patients being 1.997 times more likely to experience depression (95% CI 1.210–3.296; p = 0.007). Non-Sinhalese ethnic background was also a significant predictor of depression (OR: 0.240; 95% CI 0.073–0.785; p = 0.018). Anxiety increased the likelihood of having Type D personality traits by 1.899 times (95% CI 1.148–3.143; p = 0.013).ConclusionThe current study recommends the importance of screening and treating the psychological risk factors of IHD patients parallel to their IHD treatment to improve their prognosis. These insights highlight the need for targeted interventions that address depression, anxiety and the impact of Type D personality traits in enhancing the overall management and prognosis of IHD.