Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in the Postnatal Period: A Cross-sectional Analysis in a Tertiary Care Setting in Khammam, Telangana, South India

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: The postpartum period is a crucial phase marked by significant physical and emotional changes for women. Mental health issues, especially anxiety and depression, can profoundly affect maternal well-being and maternal–infant interactions. Despite growing recognition, comprehensive research on perinatal mental health in India is lacking. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed 236 postnatal women in a tertiary care center in Khammam, Telangana. Participants completed standardized questionnaires for depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), anxiety (Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale), and quality of life (QOL, World Health Organization QOL-BREF). Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics and inferential tests to examine associations between variables. Results: The study revealed a significant prevalence of depression (25.42%) and anxiety (24.57%) among postnatal women, with 11% experiencing both. Demographic analysis highlighted age, residency, and education as significant factors associated with mental health outcomes. Participants without depression or anxiety generally reported a higher QOL across various domains compared to those with mental health disorders. Significant differences were observed in physical, psychological, and social relationship domains between participants with and without depression and anxiety. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into anxiety and depression prevalence among postnatal women and their impact on QOL. Addressing postnatal mental health is crucial for fostering positive maternal–infant relationships. Future interventions should prioritize comprehensive, culturally sensitive approaches to mental health care for postnatal women in India.