Abstract
Background and aimIn the literature, there is no study on the anxiety and depression status of the relatives of intensive care COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients during the pandemic period. In this study, we aimed to compare the risk of developing anxiety and depression in the relatives of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 intensive care patients during the pandemic, and also to determine the factors that may cause anxiety and depression.Materials and methodsRelatives of patients admitted to Ankara City Hospital COVID-19 (n=45) and non-COVID-19 (n=45) intensive care units between 15 May and 31 July 2021 were included in this prospective study. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire was administered to the relatives of the patients within the first 48 hours of their admission to the intensive care unit. The answers were recorded and HADS, HADS-A (anxiety) and HADS-D (depression) scores were calculated accordingly. Demographics, education and marital statuses of both the patients and their relatives were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with depression and anxiety. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves were drawn for the factors affecting depression and anxiety, and the area under the curve values were calculated.ResultsDemographics, APACHE II score, and patient affiliation were similar in both groups. The mean HADS scores of the relatives of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients were 24.76 and 16.04 (p<0.001). The mean HADS-A scores were 12.89 and 7.78 (p<0.001), and the mean of HADS-D scores were 11.87 and 8.27 (p=0.001). Moderate and high-risk anxiety and depression were significantly higher in relatives of COVID-19 patients (p=0.018, p=0.001, respectively). The area under curve (AUC) values were 0.727 in the ROC curve plotted for the independent risk factor Q3 responses that reduced anxiety, and 0.791 and 0.785 in the ROC curve drawn for the independent risk factor Q1 and Q3 responses that reduced the development of depression.ConclusionWe found that the anxiety and depression risk of the relatives of COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit during the pandemic period is significantly higher than the relatives of non-COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit. In addition, regardless of the diagnosis, younger intensive care patients may increase the anxiety and depression of the relatives of the patients during the pandemic. The higher-education level of the relatives of patients was determined as a factor reducing anxiety and depression.
Highlights
On March 11, 2020, when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic, the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in our country was reported by the Ministry of Health [1]
The area under curve (AUC) values were 0.727 in the Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve plotted for the independent risk factor Q3 responses that reduced anxiety, and 0.791 and 0.785 in the ROC curve drawn for the independent risk factor Q1 and Q3 responses that reduced the development of depression
The 18 years and older relatives of 90 intensive care unit (ICU) patients, half of whom were hospitalized in the COVID-19 ICU with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in nasopharyngeal or deep tracheal aspirate samples (n=45), and the other half who hospitalized in the non-COVID-19 ICU due to non-COVID-19 causes after exclusion of COVID-19 clinically, radiologically as well as with a negative PCR test (n=45) were included in the study
Summary
On March 11, 2020, when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic, the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in our country was reported by the Ministry of Health [1]. Within the scope of protective measures against COVID-19, which is very contagious and easy to treat, and whose treatment is still unknown, isolation, restrictions and pandemic rules were applied in Turkey as well as all over the world. These obligations necessitated some changes in people's lifestyle, working order and social life. There is no study on the anxiety and depression status of the relatives of intensive care COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients during the pandemic period. We aimed to compare the risk of developing anxiety and depression in the relatives of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 intensive care patients during the pandemic, and to determine the factors that may cause anxiety and depression
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