Anxiety and Depression: A Key to Understanding the Complete Expression of Personality Disorders.

Abstract

Anxiety and depressive disorders affect one fourth of the population. Personality disorders often present comorbid with anxiety and depressive disorders during the lifetime course of the illness. To fully explore the interplay between personality disorders and anxiety or depression, 179 patients, consecutively admitted to the Anxiety and Depression Outpatient Department, were clinically evaluated and tested with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Iowa Personality Disorder Screening. Twenty-six percent of the total sample was affected only by personality disorders (PDs), and 21% had a comorbidity between a personality, anxiety, and/or depressive disorder (Comorbidity). Compared with PDs, Comorbidity used more antipsychotics and benzodiazepines (4.3% vs. 9.6%, χ2 = 0.267; 43.4 vs. 72.6, p = 0.004), showing a worse clinical picture, and expressed more personality traits even without statistical significance (6.863 ± 2.328 vs. 7.609 ± 1.674, p = 0.105). The different impact of personality disorders compared with anxiety and/or depression has to be further analyzed in terms of economic load and resource allocation.