Abstract
General prerequisites of problem definition and solving by man and machine are discussed. The advantage of expert systems over books and data base systems to have a capability of understanding problems is pointed out. The chemical knowledge needs to be restructured and cast into operational terms to prepare it for formalized reasoning. Writing program routines in artificial intelligence by a chemist means wasting time and makes bad use of his chemical expertise. The commercial empty shells TWAICE, INSIGHT 2 + and 1st CLASS have been used to build expert systems in the domains of slag analysis and Karl-Fischer titrations. Examples of method selection for routine problems, compilation of new analytical methods from computer based knowledge and of strictly user oriented trouble shooting in analytical chemistry are given.
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