Antroduodenojejunal Manometry in the Diagnosis of Chronic Idiopathic Intestinal Pseudoobstruction in Children

Abstract

We analyzed the antroduodenojejunal (ADJ) manometric patterns in a group of 19 consecutive children (mean age, 53 months; range, 5 months to 14 years) referred for suspected chronic idiopathic intestinal pseu‐doobstruction. Diagnosis was based on typical symptoms, absence of extraintestinal diseases, and structural lesions of the gut at endoscopy and radiology. Surgical full‐thickness intestinal biopsies were evaluated in nine patients. Manometry of the stomach and small bowel was performed in the fasting and fed state with a multilumen perfused probe. All patients showed severe abnormalities of ADJ motor activity that were not seen in the eight controls (mean age, 38.2 months; range, 1–9 years). In 12 patients, manometric patterns suggesting neuropathic disease were detected with fasting and/or fed sustained and incoordinated duodenojejunal phasic waves, aberrant propagation and/or configuration of phase III of the inter‐digestive motility complex, inability of a meal to convert a fasting into a fed pattern, and prolonged groups of fasting and fed nonpropagated phasic waves. In seven of these patients, histology revealed marked changes of the intrinsic neurons. In four cases, manometry disclosed features suggestive of a myogenic disease, including severe fasting and fed infrequent low‐amplitude contractions, sometimes with some degree of propagation; in two of these cases, histology showed morphological abnormalities of smooth muscle cells of the gut wall. In three patients, manometry revealed signs suggestive of mechanical obstruction of the gut, such as repetitive post‐feeding clusters and simultaneous repeated broad‐based waves; in these patients, more detailed x‐ray studies showed organic obstructive causes (ileal lymphoma, Hirschsprung's disease, and intestinal malrotation). We conclude that, in children with symptoms suggesting chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction, manometry of the stomach and small bowel reveals severe gut dysmotility and can help establish the diagnosis and distinguish the underlying disease process.