Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a pathogen of swine resulting in devastating disease and economic losses worldwide. Resveratrol (Res) exhibits inhibitory activity against a wide range of viruses. Despite these important advances, the molecular mechanism(s) by which Res exerts its broad biological effects have not yet been elucidated. In this paper, the antiviral activity of Res against PRV and its mechanism of action were investigated. The results showed that Res potently inhibited PRV replication in a dose-dependent manner, with a 50% inhibition concentration of 17.17 μM. The inhibition of virus multiplication in the presence of Res was not attributed to direct inactivation or inhibition of viral entry into the host cells but to the inhibition of viral multiplication in host cells. Further studies demonstrated that Res is a potent inhibitor of both NF-κB activation and NF-κB-dependent gene expression through its ability to inhibit IκB kinase activity, which is the key regulator in NF-κB activation. Thus, the inhibitory effect of Res on PRV-induced cell death and gene expression may be due to its ability to inhibit the degradation of IκB kinase. These results provided a new alternative control measure for PRV infection and new insights into the antiviral mechanism of Res.
Highlights
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), a member of the swine herpesvirus of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, is the pathogen for Aujeszky’s disease (AD), which is one of the most devastating infectious diseases in swine and causes enormous economic loss because of its worldwide distribution and high herd mortality[1]
The results showed that the NF-κB and ERK1/2 cell signalling pathways were activated by PRV infection in PK-15 cells, and Res could block the activation of NF-κB through inhibiting IκBα degradation and RelA nuclear translocation
Despite that vaccines are wildly used in controlling PRV, outbreaks of PRV infection still occur[5]
Summary
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), a member of the swine herpesvirus of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, is the pathogen for Aujeszky’s disease (AD), which is one of the most devastating infectious diseases in swine and causes enormous economic loss because of its worldwide distribution and high herd mortality[1]. Natural medications have a wide range of acceptability for the prevention and treatment of diseases throughout history, and they are attracting increasing interest for the development of potential antiviral drugs. The effects of Res on the viral life cycle are shown in the supplementary material (Table S1). Despite these important advances, the molecular mechanism by which Res exerts its broad antiviral effects has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, Res was tested for anti-PRV activity, and a molecular mechanism was elucidated for the purpose of developing a new alternative control measure for PRV infection
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