Abstract
Neither inactivated nor attenuated vaccines can effectively prevent and control the infection and spread of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Therefore, it is necessary to broaden new horizons and to conceive effective preventive strategies. The main components of Tea polyphenol (TPP) are catechins and their derivatives. TPP has many physiological activities and has certain antiviral and antifungal effects. However, whether TPP shows anti-PRRSV activity remains unclear. We found that TPP effectively inhibited PRRSV infection in Marc-145 cells by suppressing the stages of viral attachment, internalization, replication, and release. TPP exhibited a potent anti-PRRSV effect regardless of pre-treatment or post-treatment. In addition, we demonstrated that TPP restrained PRRSV-induced p65 entry into the nucleus to suppress the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which ultimately leads to the inhibition of the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, TPP limited the synthesis of viral non-structural protein 2 (nsp2), the core component of viral replication transcription complexes, which may contribute to the inhibition of viral RNA replication. TPP has the potential to develop into an effective antiviral agent for PRRSV prevention and control in the future.
Highlights
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important pathogens that continuously impacts the swine industry worldwide
To identify the antiviral activity of Tea polyphenol (TPP) against PRRSV, we first used the alamarBlue® assay to test the cytotoxicity of TPP in Marc-145 cells
We further tested the effect of TPP on PRRSV infection at different time points
Summary
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important pathogens that continuously impacts the swine industry worldwide. PRRSV was first recognized in the late 1980s in North America and Europe [1,2]. It belongs to the order Nidovirales, family Arteriviridae, and is a small, enveloped virus (diameter about 65 nm) containing a single-stranded RNA genome of positive polarity. The virus mainly grows in porcine alveolar macrophages and causes acute pneumonia and reproductive and respiratory problems in pigs [4,5,6]. Due to its high antigenic variability and poorly understood immunopathogenesis, there is currently no effective vaccine or treatment to control PRRSV infection [9]
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