Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging porcine intestinal coronavirus in recent years, which mainly causes different degrees of vomiting and diarrhea in piglets and has caused great harm to the swine husbandry worldwide since its report. Selenium is an essential trace element for organisms and has been demonstrated to have antiviral effects. In this study, pig kidney epithelial (LLC-PK) cells were used to study the antiviral activity of selenomethionine (Se-Met) (2, 4, 8, and 16 μM) against PDCoV by detecting the replication of the virus, the expression of the mitochondrial antiviral signal protein (MAVS) protein, and the phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3), IFN-α, and IFN-β, and the changes in glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase activity, and hydrogen peroxide content in the cells. The results showed that Se-Met at higher than physiological concentrations (16 μM) could significantly inhibit the replication of PDCoV in LLC-PK cells and enhance the expression of MAVS protein and the phosphorylation of IRF-3. In addition, Se-Met also improved the intracellular production of IFNα/β and antioxidant capacity with increasing doses. These data suggest that the availability of selenium through selenomethionine supports the antiviral response in porcine kidney cells, and the specific mechanism is attributed to the improved cellular antioxidant capacity and activation of the MAVS pathway by Se-Met.
Highlights
Coronaviruses are single-stranded positive capsular RNA viruses that mainly infect mammals and birds (Niederwerder and Hesse, 2018)
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) belongs to the genus Deltacoronavirus in the Coronaviridae family and is a newly discovered porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus, which is mainly characterized by digestive system symptoms, such as diarrhea, dehydration, and varying degrees of vomiting in piglets (Xu et al, 2018; Yin et al, 2020)
To develop a good drug against PDCoV infection, we found that the nutrient selenium has biological functions such as antiviral, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory (Guillin et al, 2019; Bermano et al, 2021)
Summary
Coronaviruses are single-stranded positive capsular RNA viruses that mainly infect mammals and birds (Niederwerder and Hesse, 2018). PDCoV belongs to the genus Deltacoronavirus in the Coronaviridae family and is a newly discovered porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus, which is mainly characterized by digestive system symptoms, such as diarrhea, dehydration, and varying degrees of vomiting in piglets (Xu et al, 2018; Yin et al, 2020). Se-Met Inhibits PDCoV Replication was first reported in Hong Kong in 2012 and is a pandemic worldwide (Zhang, 2016). The outbreak of PDCoV has caused serious economic losses to swine farming, but there is no widely used drug and vaccine in production. We need to find a drug or nutrient with an antiviral effect commonly used in production to fight PDCoV infection
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